LINT(1) | General Commands Manual | LINT(1) |
lint
—
lint |
[-abceFgHhPprVvwxz ] [-i
| -nu ] [-S |
-s | -t ]
[-B directory]
[-D name[=def]]
[-d directory]
[-I directory]
[-L directory]
[-MD ] [-l
library] [-o
outputfile] [-U
name] [-X
id[,id ...]] file ... |
lint |
[-abceFgHhprVvwz ] [-S |
-s | -t ]
-C library
[-B directory]
[-D name[=def]]
[-d directory]
[-I directory]
[-MD ] [-R
old=new] [-U
name] [-X
id[,id ...]] file ... |
lint
attempts to detect features of the named C program
files that are likely to be bugs, to be non-portable, or to be wasteful. It
also performs stricter type checking than does the C compiler. The list of
errors lint
produces are enumerated in
lint(7).
lint
runs the C preprocessor as its first
phase, with the following preprocessor symbols defined to allow certain
questionable code to be altered or skipped: __LINT__,
lint, __lint,
__lint__. These symbols should therefore be thought of as
reserved words for all code that is to be checked by
lint
.
Among the possible problems that are currently noted are unreachable statements, loops not entered at the top, variables declared and not used, and logical expressions with constant values. Function calls are checked for inconsistencies, such as calls to functions that return values in some places and not in others, functions called with varying numbers of arguments, function calls that pass arguments of a type other than the type the function expects to receive, functions whose values are not used, and calls to functions not returning values that use the non-existent return value of the function.
Filename arguments ending with .c are
taken to be C source files. Filename arguments with names ending with
.ln are taken to be the result of an earlier
invocation of lint
, with either the
-i
, -o
or
-C
option in effect. The .ln
files are analogous to the .o (object) files
produced by cc(1) from
.c files. lint
also accepts
special libraries specified with the -l
option,
which contain definitions of library routines and variables.
lint
takes all the
.c, .ln, and
llib-llibrary.ln
(lint library) files and processes them in command-line order. By default,
lint
appends the standard C lint library
(llib-lc.ln) to the end of the list of files. When
the -i
option is used, the
.ln files are ignored. Also, when the
-o
or -i
options are used,
the
llib-llibrary.ln
files are ignored. When the -i
option is
omitted the second pass of lint
checks this list of files for mutual compatibility. At this point, if a
complaint stems not from a given source file, but from one of its included
files, the source filename will be printed followed by a question mark.
The special input file name
“-” causes
lint
to take input from standard input (until end of
file) and process it as if it were a .c file. If the
-i
flag is given and
“-” is named as one of the input
files, the -o
flag must also be specified to provide
an output file name.
Options
-a
-aa
-a
, report all
assignments of integer values to other integer values which cause implicit
narrowing conversion.-B
path-b
-C
librarylint
library with the name
llib-llibrary.ln.
This library is built from all .c and
.ln input files. After all global definitions of
functions and variables in these files are written to the newly created
library, lint
checks all input files, including
libraries specified with the -l
option, for mutual
compatibility.-c
-D
name[=def]#define
directive. If no definition is given,
name is defined as 1.-d
directory-e
-F
lint
normally prints the
filename without the path.-g
-g
flag also turns on the keywords
asm and inline (alternative keywords
with leading underscores for both asm and
inline are always available).-H
lint
prints the name of the included file instead of the source file name
followed by a question mark.-h
-I
directory-i
lint
's first pass only, and are not checked for
compatibility between functions.-L
directory-l
library-MD
-MD
to
cpp(1) causing cpp to create
files containing dependency information for each source file.-n
-o
outputfilelint
's
second pass. The -o
option simply saves this file
in the named output file. If the -i
option is also
used the files are not checked for compatibility. To produce a
llib-llibrary.ln
without extraneous messages, use of the -u
option
is suggested. The -v
option is useful if the
source file(s) for the lint library are just external interfaces.-P
-p
-R
old=new-r
-S
-s
-s
flag,
__STRICT_ANSI__
is a predefined preprocessor
macro.-t
__STDC__
is not predefined in
this mode. Warnings are printed for constructs not allowed in traditional
C. Warnings for constructs which behave differently in traditional C and
ANSI C are suppressed. Preprocessor macros describing the machine type
(e.g. sun3
) and machine architecture (e.g.
m68k
) are defined without leading and trailing
underscores. The keywords const,
volatile and signed are not available
in traditional C mode (although the alternative keywords with leading
underscores still are).-U
name-u
lint
on a subset of files comprising part of a
larger program).-V
lint
's first and second
pass.-v
-w
-X
id[,id ...]-x
-z
Input Grammar
lint
's first pass reads standard C source
files. lint
recognizes the following C comments as
commands.
/*
ARGSUSED
n */
lint
check only the first
n arguments for usage; a missing
n is taken to be 0 (this option acts like the
-v
option for the next function)./*
BITFIELDTYPE */
/*
CONSTCOND */
or /*
CONSTANTCOND */
or /*
CONSTANTCONDITION */
/*
FALLTHRU */
or /*
FALLTHROUGH */
/*
LINTLIBRARY */
/*
LINTED
n [comment]
*/
or /*
NOSTRICT
n [comment]
*/
/*
LONGLONG */
/*
NOTREACHED */
/*
PRINTFLIKE
n */
lint
check the first
(n-1) arguments as usual.
The n-th argument is
interpreted as a printf format string that is used to
check the remaining arguments./*
PROTOLIB
n */
lint
to treat function declaration
prototypes as function definitions if n is non-zero.
This directive can only be used in conjunction with the
/* LINTLIBRARY */
directive. If
n is zero, function prototypes will be treated
normally./*
SCANFLIKE
n */
lint
check the first
(n-1) arguments as usual.
The n-th argument is
interpreted as a scanf format string that is used to
check the remaining arguments./*
VARARGS
n */
The behavior of the -i
and the
-o
options allows for incremental use of
lint
on a set of C source files. Generally, one
invokes lint
once for each source file with the
-i
option. Each of these invocations produces a
.ln file that corresponds to the
.c file, and prints all messages that are about just
that source file. After all the source files have been separately run
through lint
, it is invoked once more (without the
-i
option), listing all the
.ln files with the needed
-l
library options. This will
print all the inter-file inconsistencies. This scheme works well with
make(1); it allows
make(1) to be used to
lint
only the source files that have been modified
since the last time the set of source files were
lint
ed.
LIBDIR
-l
library option must exist.
If this environment variable is undefined, then the default path
/usr/libdata/lint will be used to search for the
libraries.TMPDIR
CC
Static functions which are used only before their first extern declaration are reported as unused.
Libraries created by the -o
option will,
when used in later lint
runs, cause certain errors
that were reported when the libraries were created to be reported again, and
cause line numbers and file names from the original source used to create
those libraries to be reported in error messages. For these reasons, it is
recommended to use the -C
option to create lint
libraries.
December 24, 2016 | NetBSD 9.0 |